{"id":16720,"date":"2023-10-17T17:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-17T09:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nefi.develpress.com\/?p=16720"},"modified":"2025-04-29T17:31:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T09:31:43","slug":"%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95%e5%8f%b2%e2%91%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nefi.develpress.com\/?p=16720","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u2460"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u6b27\u76df\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u81ea2010\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b97\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u548c\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u524d\u666f\u3001\u66f4\u8fed\u548c\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u7406\u89e3\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u7b80\u8981\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u660e\u786e\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">1940\u20141960\u5e74: \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e4b\u540e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\".\/\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u2460_files\/\u622a\u5c4f2023-11-17-10.53.16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16422\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">1940\u20141960\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u6210\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u201d\uff09\u4e0e\u63a2\u7d22\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u673a\u5668\u540c\u6709\u673a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u613f\u671b\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u8005\u8bfa\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7ef4\u7eb3\uff08Norbert Wiener\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u52a8\u7269\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u65e9\u524d\uff0c\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u9ea6\u5e93\u6d1b\u514b\uff08Warren McCulloch\uff09\u548c\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u76ae\u8328(Walter Pitts)\u57281943\u5e74\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08\u5f62\u5f0f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff09\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">1950 \u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\uff08John Von Neumann\uff09\u548c\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\uff08Alan Turing\uff09\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fc7\u6e21\u523019 \u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff08\u5904\u7406 0 \u5230 9 \u7684\u6570\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff08\u8fd0\u7528\u5e03\u5c14\u4ee3\u6570\u5904\u7406\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf0\u62161\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u6240\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u5728\u4ed61950\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u300b\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7535\u4f20\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\u8fa8\u522b\u51fa\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u4eba\u4ea4\u8c08\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u4ea4\u8c08\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5f15\u8d77\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bae\uff08\u8bb8\u591a\u4e13\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u56fe\u7075\u6d4b\u8bd5\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5374\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u8ff0\u4e3a\u8d28\u7591\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u754c\u9650\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u7531\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\uff08John McCarthy\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u00b7\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9a6c\u6587\u00b7\u660e\u65af\u57fa\uff08Marvin Minsky\uff09\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u6784\u5efa\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u667a\u529b\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u611f\u77e5\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u63a8\u7406\u30021956\u5e74\u5728\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u201c\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f15\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u4e0d\u51fa\u81ea\u8fd9\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e2d\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u548c\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u516d\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u8ba8\u8bba\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u6258\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6280\u672f\u4ecd\u7136\u5145\u6ee1\u9b45\u529b\u548c\u524d\u666f\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5f8b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u91cc\u5fb7C\u00b7\u52b3\u52d21963\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a\u5bf9\u53f8\u6cd5\u88c1\u51b3\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6280\u672f\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u7387\u5374\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u56de\u843d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5185\u5b58\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5982\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u201c\u89e3\u6811\u201d\u3002\u65e9\u57281956\u5e74\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u8bed\u8a00IPL\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u65e8\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u7406\u7684LTM\uff08\u903b\u8f91\u7406\u8bba\u673a\uff09\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\uff08Herbert Simon\uff09\u66fe\u57281957\u5e74\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u676510\u5e74\u5185\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u9886\u57df\u6210\u529f\u51fb\u8d25\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u968f\u540e\u4fbf\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bd2\u51ac\u3002\u7136\u800c\u897f\u8499\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u5374\u572830\u5e74\u540e\u771f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u2026\u2026&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">1980\u20141990\u5e74: \u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">1968\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u5e93\u5e03\u91cc\u514b\uff08Stanley Kubrick\uff09\u6267\u5bfc\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\u300a2001\u592a\u7a7a\u6f2b\u6e38\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u54c8\u5c149000\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08\u4e0eIBM\u7535\u8111\u4ec5\u5dee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5b83\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u798f\u7949\u8fd8\u662f\u7978\u60a3\uff1f\u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u666e\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u5bb6\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u8fea\u514b\uff08Philip K. Dick\uff09\u4e00\u6837\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u673a\u5668\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\".\/\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u2460_files\/\u622a\u5c4f2023-11-17-10.53.30.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16423\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u968f\u77401970\u5e74\u5e95\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u817e\u98de\uff0c\u6b65\u5165\u4e86\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u9053\u8def\u662f\u75311965 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style=\"text-indent:2em;\">1997\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u201c\u6df1\u84dd\u201d\uff08IBM \u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5728\u4e0e\u52a0\u91cc\u00b7\u5361\u65af\u5e15\u7f57\u592b\uff08Garry Kasparov\uff09\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\uff08Herbert Simon\uff091957 \u5e74\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u572830\u5e74\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u878d\u8d44\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u9762\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u201c\u6df1\u84dd\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u86ee\u529b\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u68cb\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u52a0\u6743\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u201c\u6df1\u84dd\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff08\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u79bb\u6a21\u62df\u4e16\u754c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fd8\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">2010\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u548c\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u7efd\u653e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8be5\u5b66\u79d1\u57282010\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u732b\u8bc6\u522b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u884c\u91c7\u6837\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u8c37\u6b4c\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u663e\u5361\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u53cd\u53cd\u590d\u590d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u57282010\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5468\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6574\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u663e\u5361\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u6bcf\u79d2\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u8d851\u4e07\u4ebf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff09\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u672c\uff08\u6bcf\u5f20\u663e\u5361\u4e0d\u52301000\u6b27\u5143\uff09\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u8bbe\u5907\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u516c\u5171\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u30022011\u5e74\uff0cIBM\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201c\u6c83\u68ee\u201d\uff08Watson\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5371\u9669\u8fb9\u7f18\u300b\u667a\u529b\u95ee\u7b54\u4e2d\u51fb\u8d25\u4e24\u4e2a\u51a0\u519b\uff012012 \u5e74\uff0cGoogle 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style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u5947\u8ff9\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\u4ece\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6c\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e0d\u518d\u50cf\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90a3\u6837\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u8054\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u72ec\u81ea\u53d1\u73b0\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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